Frequently Asked Questions
Game birds like partridges and pheasants are a popular choice for hobbyists and commercial breeders alike. Rearing them from eggs can be a rewarding experience, but it requires careful attention to detail. This guide covers some of the most frequently asked questions about the process, from incubation to release. If you require any more help or advice then please do not hesitate to get in contact with us.
Incubation of eggs
What kind of incubator should I use?
You can use either a forced-air or a still-air incubator. Forced-air models have a fan that circulates air, providing more even heat and humidity. Still-air incubators, which rely on natural convection, can have temperature variations and require more frequent manual adjustments. For beginners, a forced-air incubator with automatic temperature and humidity controls is recommended for a higher success rate.
What are the ideal temperature and humidity settings for incubation?
For most pheasant and partridge eggs, the ideal incubation temperature is around 37.5∘C for forced-air incubators and slightly higher, around 38.3∘C, for still-air models. Humidity should be maintained at 50-55% for the first 21 days. For the final three days before hatching (the "lockdown" period), increase the humidity to 65-75% to help the chicks break out of their shells.
How often should I turn the eggs?
Eggs need to be turned regularly to prevent the embryo from sticking to the shell membrane. If you don't have an automatic egg turner, you should manually turn the eggs at least three to five times a day. The best method is to mark opposite sides of the egg (e.g., "X" and "O") and ensure all eggs are turned completely each time.
How long does it take for the eggs to hatch?
The incubation period for most pheasant eggs is 23 to 24 days, while partridge eggs typically take 24 to 25 days. It's important not to open the incubator during the lockdown period to maintain stable temperature and humidity levels.
Brooding and Rearing Chicks
What equipment do I need for brooding?
You'll need a brooder box, a heat source (like a heat lamp), a feeder, and a waterer. The brooder box should be draft-free and provide ample space for the chicks to move around. The heat lamp should be positioned to create a temperature gradient, allowing the chicks to move closer to or further away from the heat as needed.
What's the right temperature for the brooder?
The brooding temperature is crucial for the chicks' health. Start with a temperature of around 35∘C at chick level for the first week. After that, you should reduce the temperature by 3∘C each week until the chicks are fully feathered and the temperature is the same as the ambient air. Observe the chicks' behavior: if they huddle directly under the heat source, it's too cold; if they're scattered at the edges, it's too hot.
What should I feed the chicks?
Chicks require a specialized high-protein diet. You should feed them a starter crumble formulated specifically for game birds. This feed typically contains 28-30% protein, which is essential for their rapid growth. Never feed them chick starter for chickens, as it has a lower protein content and can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Ensure they have constant access to fresh, clean water.
When can I move the chicks outside?
Chicks can be moved to an outdoor pen or aviary once they are fully feathered and no longer require a heat lamp. This is usually around 5-6 weeks of age, but it depends on the weather and climate. Acclimate them gradually by letting them spend short periods outdoors on warm, sunny days before their permanent move.
Health and General Care
How can I prevent common diseases?
Biosecurity is key to preventing disease. Always sanitise all equipment before and after use, and keep the brooder clean and dry. Avoid introducing new birds to your flock without a quarantine period. Coccidiosis is a common disease in young chicks; a medicated starter feed can help prevent it, but it's important to consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What are some signs of a healthy chick?
Healthy chicks are active, alert, and have bright eyes. They will explore, eat, and drink regularly. Their droppings should be firm and consistent. A chick that is lethargic, has ruffled feathers, or watery droppings may be sick and should be isolated from the rest of the flock immediately.
When can I release the birds?
The ideal age for releasing pheasants and partridges into the wild is typically between 7 and 10 weeks old. At this age, they are independent and well-feathered but have not yet become too accustomed to human interaction, which is important for their survival in the wild. Before releasing, ensure you have the proper permits and that the release site is suitable.